Calculate the NMFC freight class of your shipment based on weight and dimensions. Determine the density-based class from 50 to 500 for accurate LTL rate quotes.
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| Class | Density (PCF) | Example Commodities |
|---|---|---|
| 50 | 50+ | Bricks, cement, steel |
| 55 | 35 - 50 | Hardwood flooring, mortar |
| 60 | 30 - 35 | Car accessories, bottled water |
| 65 | 22.5 - 30 | Car parts, bottled drinks |
| 70 | 15 - 22.5 | Food items, auto parts |
| 77.5 | 13.5 - 15 | Tires, bathroom fixtures |
| 85 | 12 - 13.5 | Machinery, cast iron stoves |
| 92.5 | 10.5 - 12 | Computers, monitors, fridges |
| 100 | 9 - 10.5 | Boat covers, wine cases, canvas |
| 110 | 8 - 9 | Cabinets, framed artwork |
| 125 | 7 - 8 | Small appliances, vending machines |
| 150 | 6 - 7 | Auto sheet metal, bookcases |
| 175 | 5 - 6 | Clothing, couches, stuffed furniture |
| 200 | 4 - 5 | Auto parts, mattresses |
| 250 | 3 - 4 | Bamboo furniture, mattress sets |
| 300 | 2 - 3 | Model boats, wood cabinets, kayaks |
| 400 | 1 - 2 | Deer antlers, ping pong tables |
| 500 | < 1 | Gold dust, bags of feathers |
Freight classes are standardized categories used by LTL (less-than-truckload) carriers to set shipping rates. The National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system, maintained by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA), organizes commodities into 18 classes ranging from 50 to 500. Each class corresponds to a rate tier, with lower class numbers commanding lower shipping rates per hundred pounds (CWT).
The primary factor in determining freight class is density, measured in pounds per cubic foot (PCF). Denser items are cheaper to ship because they use trailer space more efficiently. A pallet of bricks (Class 50) costs far less per pound to ship than a pallet of pillows (Class 400) because the bricks occupy much less space relative to their weight.
Density is calculated by dividing the shipment weight in pounds by its volume in cubic feet. Since dimensions are typically measured in inches, the formula converts cubic inches to cubic feet by dividing by 1,728 (12 x 12 x 12). The complete formula is: Density (PCF) = Weight (lbs) / (Length x Width x Height / 1,728). Always measure the actual dimensions of the shipping unit including packaging, pallets, and any overhang.
While density is the primary driver of freight class, the NMFC system also considers stowability (how easily the item fits with other freight), handling difficulty (whether special equipment is needed), and liability (the value and fragility of the goods). For some commodities, the NMFC assigns a fixed class regardless of density. These are called FAK (freight all kinds) exceptions and are common in negotiated carrier contracts.
Misclassifying freight can lead to billing disputes and reclassification charges. LTL carriers routinely inspect shipments at their terminals. If the actual class is higher than what was declared, the carrier will reclassify the shipment at the correct (higher) rate and may add an inspection fee. Repeated misclassifications can damage your carrier relationship and affect future rate negotiations. Accurate weight and dimension measurements are the foundation of correct classification.
TruckerPro handles freight class calculations, rate quotes, BOL generation, and invoicing for LTL and FTL loads from one platform.
Free SignupFreight class is primarily determined by density, which is calculated by dividing the weight of the shipment in pounds by its volume in cubic feet. The formula is: Density = Weight / (Length x Width x Height / 1728). The resulting density value maps to one of 18 NMFC freight classes ranging from Class 50 (highest density, lowest rate) to Class 500 (lowest density, highest rate). Other factors like stowability, handling, and liability can also affect the class.
The National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system is maintained by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA). It standardizes freight into 18 classes (50 to 500) based on four characteristics: density, stowability, handling difficulty, and liability. LTL carriers use these classes to set shipping rates. Lower class numbers indicate higher density, easier handling, and lower shipping costs per pound.
Freight class directly affects LTL shipping costs. A higher freight class means a higher rate per hundredweight (CWT). Correctly classifying your freight ensures accurate billing and avoids reclassification charges. If a carrier inspects your shipment and finds it was classified incorrectly, they can adjust the class and charge you a higher rate plus inspection fees. Accurate dimensions and weight measurements are essential.